Cancer Care

Testicular Cancer Awareness

What is Testicular Cancer?

Testicular cancer happens when cancer cells develop in one or both of the testicles. Most instances of testicular cancer begin in the germ cells of the testicles, which are responsible for producing immature sperm before the sperm travels to the epididymis where it is stored and matures.

Although not a cancer that is commonly discussed, testicular cancer is still one of the most prevalent forms of cancer diagnosed in young men, especially those aged between 20 and 40 years old. Testicular cancer occurs in approximately 1 in 250 males and accounts for 1-2% of all cancers in men. Although it is the most common form of cancer in 20- to 35-year-old men, it is highly treatable and can often be cured, especially if detected early.

Signs and Symptoms

Testicular cancer usually only happens in one testicle. Early signs of testicular cancer include:

Painless swelling or lump in one of the testes
Changes in the size or shape of the testicles where one looks different from the other
A feeling of heaviness in your scrotum
A dull ache in your groin or lower abdomen that may come and go

Do see your healthcare provider if you detect any symptoms that last longer than two weeks.

Risk Factors

Although there is no definite cause for testicular cancer, but there have been some risk factors identified that may increase your chances of developing it:

Undescended testicle: Undescended testicles are the most significant risk factor of testicular cancer, and increases your risk of developing it by three times. Even after surgery is performed to move the testicle into the correct position, the risk remains.
Age: Unlike most cancers that affect older adults, testicular cancer most commonly affects men between ages 20 and 40.
Family History: Having a blood relative with a history of colorectal cancer increases your risk of getting it.
Genetics and Family History Genetics and a family history of testicular cancer are also strong risk factors for the condition. If a close family member such as your father or brother had testicular cancer, your likelihood of developing it increases.

Testicular Cancer Self-Examination

Set aside five minutes while you are in the shower. A warm shower will help relax the scrotum and the muscles holding the testicles, making an examination easier.
Starting with one side, gently roll the scrotum with your fingers to feel the surface of the testicle.
Check for any lumps, bumps or unusual features.
Make note of any changes in size over time. Some men may experience swelling of the testicles and scrotum.
Be aware of any dull soreness or heaviness.
Switch sides and check your other testicle

Understanding Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer diagnosed in young men, especially those between 20 to 40 years old. We sit down with Urologist Dr. Png Keng Siang to learn more about the condition, its signs and symptoms, and risk factors.

Understanding Cancer: Your Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Support

Advancements in medical technology today offer hope despite the rising incidence of cancer worldwide. With a comprehensive approach to cancer care, including support from experienced clinical oncologists, specialists, and healthcare professionals, many cancers may be effectively treated or managed.

Empowering Yourself with Knowledge

This resource provides information about cancer, including:

Types of Cancer: Learn about different forms of cancer and their specific characteristics.
Early Detection: Understand the importance of cancer screening for early diagnosis and better treatment outcomes.
Treatment Options: Explore various cancer treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Financial Assistance: Discover available financial aid options to help manage the cost of cancer care.
Reducing Your Risk: Learn about lifestyle factors and preventive measures to minimize your cancer risk.

What is Cancer?

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Normally, the body replaces old or damaged cells with new ones. However, genetic mutations or other factors can disrupt this process, leading to the formation of abnormal cells that multiply uncontrollably and form tumors.

Types of Tumors:

Benign Tumors: Non-cancerous tumors that do not spread to other parts of the body.
Malignant Tumors: Cancerous tumors that can spread to other parts of the body, also known as metastasis.

What Causes Cancer?

Cancer is caused by a complex interplay of factors, including:

Non-Modifiable Factors: Age, family history, and inherited genetic mutations.
Modifiable Factors:
- Lifestyle: Diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
- Environmental Exposures: Radiation, ultraviolet rays, pollutants, and certain viruses and bacteria.

Symptoms of Cancer

Cancer symptoms vary depending on the type and location. However, some general signs and symptoms include:

Fatigue
Unexplained weight loss
Swelling or lumps
Skin changes
Persistent cough or headaches
Unusual bleeding or bruising

Important Note: These symptoms may also be indicative of other health conditions. Speak to our Specialists today for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.

Common Cancers in Singapore

Men
Colorectal cancer is also known as bowel cancer and rectal cancer, and is a disease in which the cells in the colon and rectum mutate and change.

Prostate cancer occurs specifically in the prostate, located below the bladder and in front of the rectum, where cells mutate to form tumors that may be localized or spread to nearby tissues.

Lung cancer is a disease in which cells in the lungs mutate to form tumors that interfere with the lung's primary function of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
Women
Breast cancer develops in breast tissue where tumors form, and most breast cancers begin in the ducts and glands of breasts.

Colorectal cancer is also known as bowel cancer and rectal cancer and is a disease in which the cells in the colon and rectum mutate and change.

Lung cancer is a disease in which cells in the lungs mutate to form tumors that interfere with the lung's primary function of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide,

Cancer Treatment Goals

Complete tumor removal.
Prevention of cancer recurrence or spread.
Symptom management and palliative care.

Cancer Prevention

While there's no guaranteed way to prevent cancer, you may reduce your risk by:

Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
Maintaining a healthy weight and balanced diet.
Getting regular exercise.
Undergoing recommended cancer screenings.
Getting vaccinated against certain cancer-causing viruses (e.g., HPV).

Farrer Park Cancer Care is supported by a panel of multi-disciplinary oncology experts to guide patients and their caregivers on their cancer journey; using innovative approaches to cancer treatments with new technologies, personalized care plans and therapies.

From understanding a cancer diagnosis to deciding on a treatment plan, we are here to meet the spectrum of needs required by our patients, providing them with clinical care and working together to make informed decisions as we navigate with them through the disease into remission.

Facilities