What is Achilles Tendonitis?
Extending from the bottom of the calf muscle and the smaller soleus muscle on the back of the shin bone to the heel bone is the Achilles tendon. Achilles tendonitis, also known as tendinopathy, is a common sports injury and refers to the inflammation of the Achilles tendon. It occurs most commonly in runners who suddenly increase the intensity or frequency of their runs or the weekend warriors, those who only play sports in their spare time.
The Achilles tendon is important for propelling the body forwards when walking or running. Aging and sports that heavily use the calf muscle can also raise the risk of injury to this tendon. Serious cases of Achilles tendonitis may lead to tears in the tendon that may require surgical repair.
What are the symptoms of Achilles Tendonitis?
Achilles Tendonitis may begin as a mild ache in the back of the leg or above the heel after engaging in a sports activity. You may also experience tenderness or stiffness in the area. Other symptoms include:
- Aching pain along the bottom of the calf muscle or in the heel
- Pain when walking, running, jumping, or climbing stairs
- Extreme stiffness and pain after sleep or inactivity
- Mild swelling around the inflammation
- Weakened lower leg muscles affecting walking or standing
What are the risk factors of Achilles Tendonitis?
There are a number of factors that may increase your risk of Achilles Tendonitis:
- Age: Achilles Tendonitis is more common among the elderly.
- Gender: Achilles Tendonitis is more common in men.
- Intensity of Activity: Increasing the intensity of your sports activity
- Medical Condition: You have a higher chance of developing Achilles Tendonitis if you have psoriasis or high blood pressure
- Physical Condition: Flat arches on the foot may put more strain on the Achilles Tendon. Obesity can also apply extra weight to your tendon, increasing your risk of straining it.
- Lack of or improper warm-ups: If you don't warm up adequately before exercising, your calf muscles may be tight and you may end up overstretching it during your activity.
How do you prevent Achilles Tendonitis?
Although it may not be possible to completely prevent Achilles Tendonitis, there are still steps you can take to lower your risk of developing the condition:
- Alternate activity: Alternate between high-impact sports such as running and jumping with low impact sports like swimming and cycling to reduce the strain on your tendons.
- Gradual changes to your workout: If you are staring a new exercise regime, start slowly before gradually increasing the duration and intensity of the training. If you notice pain during a particular exercise, stop and rest.
- Frequent streches: Taking the time to stretch your calf muscles and Achilles tendon daily, not just before and after exercising, will help increase their flexibility.
- Proper warm-ups: Warm up your muscles sufficiently, especially before strenuous exercise.
- Wearing the right shoes: Having firm arch support will help to reduce strain and tension in the Achilles tendon. If your shoes are in good condition but don't support your feet, try arch supports in both shoes.
How is Achilles Tendonitis diagnosed?
A physical examination by a doctor which may be accompanied by an X-rays, MRI or ultrasound scan.