Ankle Sprains & Fractures

What are Ankle Sprains & Fractures?

The ankle is a complex joint made up of ligaments, tendons, and three main bones, the talus, fibula, and tibia.

Both ankle fractures and sprains result from similar activities, such as tripping and falling, or  when the ankle is stressed at an angle. The main difference between the two is that an ankle sprain happens when there is damage to the ligaments, while an ankle fracture occurs when there is a break in the bone.

An ankle sprain can occur in varying degrees from awkward twisting or force on the ankle bones that may result in excessive tearing or stretching of one or more ligaments on the outside of the ankle. Maintaining strength, balance, flexibility in the foot and ankle through exercise, stretching and the use of well-fitted shoes can help to prevent ankle sprains.

An ankle fracture happens when there is a break in one or more bones in the ankle joint. The ligaments might also become damaged as a result. A fracture can be caused by a fall, vehicle accident, or the ankle twisting or rolling.

The best way to determine whether your injury is a sprain or a fracture is to get it looked at by your healthcare provider. 

What are the symptoms of an Ankle Sprain?

• Inability to bear weight on the ankle immediately or a few hours after
• Mild to moderate pain
• Ankle instability
• Some swelling and bruising

What are the symptoms of an Ankle Fracture?

• Pain and swelling around the ankle
• Bruising
• Tenderness to touch
• Inability to walk on the leg
• Deformity of the ankle

How do you practice self-care on an Ankle Sprain?

For Ankle Sprains, you may use the R.I.C.E approach for the first few days:

• Rest: Avoid streneous activity that may cause pain, swelling and discomfort.
• Ice: Use an ice pack immediately for 15 to 20 minutes and repeat this every two to three hours while you are awake. If you have a vascular disease, diabetes or diminished sensation, speak to your healthcare provider before starting.
• Compression: Compress your ankle with an elastic bandage until the swelling stops. Take note not to hinder blood circulation by wrapping too tightly.
• Elevation: Gravity helps reduce swelling by draining excess fluids. Elevate your anke above the level of your heart to reduce swelling, especially at night.

When should you seek medical attention?

Do see a doctor if your ankle looks deformed, if the pain and swelling does not go away with self-care or gets worse over time, or if you are unable to walk due to your injury. Ankle fractures that do not heal properly can result in debilitating complications while improperly healed ankle sprains can lead to instability and recurrent ankle sprains in the future. 

How are Ankle Sprains & Fractures diagnosed?

A doctor’s physical examination. An X-ray may be used to determine the extent of an ankle fracture or sprain.