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Rotator Cuff Tear

What is a Rotator Cuff Tear?

Muscles and tendons that keep the shoulder in place form the rotator cuff. A rotator cuff tear is a common cause of shoulder pain and disability among adults. Generally, an injury to the rotator cuff may come from the degeneration of the rotator cuff tissues or be due to a specific incident like a fall. Certain repeated arm movements may also be a cause.

This tear is common in sports and your risk of getting a rotator cuff tear increases with age. A torn rotator cuff weakens your shoulder, which means that certain daily activities such as getting dressed or washing your hair may become painful and difficult to do. 

The types of rotator cuff tears include:

  • Partial Tear: With this type of tear, the tendons do not fully detach from the bones. The tendon is still attached to the bone but it is thinned. 
  • Full Thickness Tear: This type of tear involves the detachment of the tendon from the bones. 


What are the symptoms of a Rotator Cuff Tear?

Some common symptoms of Rotator Cuff Tear includes: 

  • Persistent pain when moving arm over the head and similar actions
  • Shifting from sleeping on injured side because of pain
  • Limited movement in the arm
  • Cracking or grating sounds from arm movement (Crepitis)
  • Pain like a dull ache
  • Muscle weakening

Not all rotator cuff tears will cause pain but arm weakness and other symptoms may still be seen. Tears that happen suddenly due to a sharp fall usually result in intense pain and immediate weakness in your upper arm. 

What are the risk factors of Rotator Cuff Tear?

  • Age: As most rotator cuff tears are largely caused by the normal wear and tear that goes along with aging, your risk of a Rotator Cuff Tear increases with age.
  • Occupational risks: Certain jobs that require repetitive overhead arm motions such as carpentry may damage the rotator cuff over time.
  • Certain sports: Rotator cuff injuries are more common in certain sports, such as tennis, baseball and weight-lifting 
  • Family history: You may be at a higher risk of a rotator cuff tear if someone in your family also suffers from the condition.


How is a Rotator Cuff Tear diagnosed?

An X-ray or MRI may be involved to capture images of tissues, organs, and bones. An ultrasound test can also be used to assess the movement of the shoulder’s structures.

A rotator cuff tear can be partial or full. A doctor’s physical examination and a health history check are also part of the diagnosis.

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