Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is where pain and stiffness are felt in the shoulder joint. This mostly affects adults between the ages of 40 and 60. Also, having diabetes is a risk factor.
The shoulder joint consists of connective tissue that links tendons, ligaments, and bones. When this capsule of connective tissue thickens, joint movement becomes restricted. Frozen shoulder can be brought on by a period where the shoulder is immobilized because of a fracture or surgery.
Three periods can characterise the experience of having a frozen shoulder. The first is the freezing stage of reduced motion in the shoulder and pain when moving the shoulder. After which, pain may lessen but the shoulder feels stiffer and movement is more difficult. This is called the frozen stage. Lastly, the thawing stage sees a return to normal movement, range of motion, and strength.
An X-ray or MRI can be involved in addition to a doctor’s physical examination.
Reviewed by Dr. Ruben Manohara, Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon, Shoulder | Elbow Orthopaedic Clinic
